Description
Luke begins his Gospel with prophetic announcements and testimonies that introduce Jesus as the promised Messiah who will fulfil Old Testament prophecies, including the Abrahamic and Davidic covenants.
Commentary
Luke's Gospel is full of end-time prophetic material. Unlike Matthew, who frequently quotes Old Testament prophecies to demonstrate their fulfilment in Christ's first coming, Luke leaves the reader to make the appropriate connections with Old Testament prophecies. Old Testament prophecies present the coming Messiah without clearly distinguishing between his first and second comings, or even that there would be two separate comings. As Luke introduces Jesus in his first three chapters, he presents various testimonies indicating that Jesus is the promised Messiah. These testimonies point to his second coming as well as to his first.
Angelic Birth Announcement of John the Baptist (v5-24)
In verses 16 and 17, John the Baptist is presented as the Elijah who is to come before the great and terrible day of the Lord (Malachi 4:5-6). Such a proclamation in turn implies that Jesus is the Messiah who will judge the world.
Angelic Birth Announcement of Jesus (v26-38)
Verses 27, and 34-35 proclaim that Jesus would be born of a virgin, a fulfilment of Isaiah 7:14. This in turn implies that Jesus is Immanuel, God with us.
Verse 27 proclaims Jesus as a descendant of David. Verses 32 to 33 promise that he will sit on David's throne as king of Israel and his kingdom will never end. As such, he is the fulfilment of God's covenant with David (1 Chronicles 17).
Verses 32 and 35 proclaim Jesus as the Son of the Most High, and Son of God. The 'Most High' is a reference to Jehovah, without actually saying God's most holy and revered name.
Mary's Hymn of Praise (v46-56)
This hymn contains several end-time predictions, expressed in the prophetic perfect tense.
Verse 51 proclaims that God will demonstrate power with his arm. The arm of the Lord is a metaphor representing God's mighty display of power at the time of creation, in his deliverance of Israel from Pharaoh's army at the Red Sea, and from Antichrist's armies in the end times (Isaiah 51:9-10, 53:1, 59:16, 62:8, 63:5). He will also scatter the proud (Leviticus 26:19, Isaiah 2:17, 10:12, 13:11, 25:11, Ezekiel 30:6, 32:12, Zechariah 10:11).
Verse 52 says he will bring down the mighty from their thrones (Psalm 2:10, 47:3, 110:5, Ezekiel 32:10, 19, 39:1-5) and lift up the humble (Isaiah 66:2)
Verse 53 says he will feed the hungry (Psalm 72:4, Isaiah 11:4, 58:11) but send the rich away empty.
Verse 54 says he will help and be merciful to Israel (e.g Ezekiel 38, Zechariah 14).
Verse 55 affirms God's faithful and eternal commitment to the Abrahamic covenant (Genesis 12, 15, 17). The Abrahamic covenant is God's eternal promise to bless Israel, to curse those who curse her, to give Israel the promised land forever, and to bless the whole world through Abraham's descendants. God's eternal commitment to it is a basic assumption throughout the bible.
Zechariah's Prophecy (v67-79)
In verse 69, Jesus is a 'horn of salvation' belonging to the 'house of David'. An animal uses its horns to attack and defend, so horns are used metaphorically to describe rulers and their power. A horn of salvation denotes a powerful Saviour. His reference to the house of David tells us that Jesus is the promised Messiah who will reign eternally on David's throne, in fulfilment of God's covenant with David.
In verse 70, Jesus is the fulfilment of ancient prophecies.
In verses 71-75, Zechariah affirms that Jesus will fulfil the Abrahamic covenant (Genesis 12, 15, 17).
In verse 76, John would prepare the way for the Lord.
In verse 77, John would proclaim the gospel of salvation through forgiveness of their sins.
In verses 78-79, Jesus is like the dawn who will break upon Israel from on high to give light to those in darkness (Isaiah 9:1-2, 60:1-3), and bring peace (Isaiah 9:6, 33:20, 60:18, Jeremiah 33:6-9).
Angelic Birth Announcement of John the Baptist (v5-24)
In verses 16 and 17, John the Baptist is presented as the Elijah who is to come before the great and terrible day of the Lord (Malachi 4:5-6). Such a proclamation in turn implies that Jesus is the Messiah who will judge the world.
Angelic Birth Announcement of Jesus (v26-38)
Verses 27, and 34-35 proclaim that Jesus would be born of a virgin, a fulfilment of Isaiah 7:14. This in turn implies that Jesus is Immanuel, God with us.
Verse 27 proclaims Jesus as a descendant of David. Verses 32 to 33 promise that he will sit on David's throne as king of Israel and his kingdom will never end. As such, he is the fulfilment of God's covenant with David (1 Chronicles 17).
Verses 32 and 35 proclaim Jesus as the Son of the Most High, and Son of God. The 'Most High' is a reference to Jehovah, without actually saying God's most holy and revered name.
Mary's Hymn of Praise (v46-56)
This hymn contains several end-time predictions, expressed in the prophetic perfect tense.
Verse 51 proclaims that God will demonstrate power with his arm. The arm of the Lord is a metaphor representing God's mighty display of power at the time of creation, in his deliverance of Israel from Pharaoh's army at the Red Sea, and from Antichrist's armies in the end times (Isaiah 51:9-10, 53:1, 59:16, 62:8, 63:5). He will also scatter the proud (Leviticus 26:19, Isaiah 2:17, 10:12, 13:11, 25:11, Ezekiel 30:6, 32:12, Zechariah 10:11).
Verse 52 says he will bring down the mighty from their thrones (Psalm 2:10, 47:3, 110:5, Ezekiel 32:10, 19, 39:1-5) and lift up the humble (Isaiah 66:2)
Verse 53 says he will feed the hungry (Psalm 72:4, Isaiah 11:4, 58:11) but send the rich away empty.
Verse 54 says he will help and be merciful to Israel (e.g Ezekiel 38, Zechariah 14).
Verse 55 affirms God's faithful and eternal commitment to the Abrahamic covenant (Genesis 12, 15, 17). The Abrahamic covenant is God's eternal promise to bless Israel, to curse those who curse her, to give Israel the promised land forever, and to bless the whole world through Abraham's descendants. God's eternal commitment to it is a basic assumption throughout the bible.
Zechariah's Prophecy (v67-79)
In verse 69, Jesus is a 'horn of salvation' belonging to the 'house of David'. An animal uses its horns to attack and defend, so horns are used metaphorically to describe rulers and their power. A horn of salvation denotes a powerful Saviour. His reference to the house of David tells us that Jesus is the promised Messiah who will reign eternally on David's throne, in fulfilment of God's covenant with David.
In verse 70, Jesus is the fulfilment of ancient prophecies.
In verses 71-75, Zechariah affirms that Jesus will fulfil the Abrahamic covenant (Genesis 12, 15, 17).
In verse 76, John would prepare the way for the Lord.
In verse 77, John would proclaim the gospel of salvation through forgiveness of their sins.
In verses 78-79, Jesus is like the dawn who will break upon Israel from on high to give light to those in darkness (Isaiah 9:1-2, 60:1-3), and bring peace (Isaiah 9:6, 33:20, 60:18, Jeremiah 33:6-9).
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Symbols: Arm of the Lord, Horns
Tags: Elijah to come, Jesus as Davidic ruler, Abrahamic covenant, Virgin birth, Jesus as Messiah, Jesus as light, Jesus as Saviour, Jesus as the Son of God, Jesus overthrows earthly rulers
Symbols: Arm of the Lord, Horns
Tags: Elijah to come, Jesus as Davidic ruler, Abrahamic covenant, Virgin birth, Jesus as Messiah, Jesus as light, Jesus as Saviour, Jesus as the Son of God, Jesus overthrows earthly rulers
1 Now many have undertaken to compile an account of the things that have been fulfilled among us,
2 like the accounts passed on to us by those who were eyewitnesses and servants of the word from the beginning.
3 So it seemed good to me as well, because I have followed all things carefully from the beginning, to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus,
4 so that you may know for certain the things you were taught.
Birth Announcement of John the Baptist
5 During the reign of Herod king of Judea, there lived a priest named Zechariah who belonged to the priestly division of Abijah, and he had a wife named Elizabeth, who was a descendant of Aaron.
6 They were both righteous in the sight of God, following all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blamelessly.
7 But they did not have a child, because Elizabeth was barren, and they were both very old.
8 Now while Zechariah was serving as priest before God when his division was on duty,
9 he was chosen by lot, according to the custom of the priesthood, to enter the holy place of the Lord and burn incense.
10 Now the whole crowd of people were praying outside at the hour of the incense offering.
11 An angel of the Lord, standing on the right side of the altar of incense, appeared to him.
12 And Zechariah, visibly shaken when he saw the angel, was seized with fear.
13 But the angel said to him, “Do not be afraid, Zechariah, for your prayer has been heard, and your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son; you will name him John.
14 Joy and gladness will come to you, and many will rejoice at his birth,
15 for he will be great in the sight of the Lord. He must never drink wine or strong drink, and he will be filled with the Holy Spirit, even before his birth.
16 He will turn many of the people of Israel to the Lord their God.
17 And he will go as forerunner before the Lord in the spirit and power of Elijah, to turn the hearts of the fathers back to their children and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just, to make ready for the Lord a people prepared for him.”
18 Zechariah said to the angel, “How can I be sure of this? For I am an old man, and my wife is old as well.”
19 The angel answered him, “I am Gabriel, who stands in the presence of God, and I was sent to speak to you and to bring you this good news.
20 And now, because you did not believe my words, which will be fulfilled in their time, you will be silent, unable to speak, until the day these things take place.”
21 Now the people were waiting for Zechariah, and they began to wonder why he was delayed in the holy place.
22 When he came out, he was not able to speak to them. They realized that he had seen a vision in the holy place, because he was making signs to them and remained unable to speak.
23 When his time of service was over, he went to his home.
24 After some time his wife Elizabeth became pregnant, and for five months she kept herself in seclusion. She said,
25 “This is what the Lord has done for me at the time when he has been gracious to me, to take away my disgrace among people.”
Birth Announcement of Jesus the Messiah
26 In the sixth month of Elizabeth’s pregnancy, the angel Gabriel was sent by God to a town of Galilee called Nazareth,
27 to a virgin engaged to a man whose name was Joseph, a descendant of David, and the virgin’s name was Mary.
28 The angel came to her and said, “Greetings, favored one, the Lord is with you!”
29 But she was greatly troubled by his words and began to wonder about the meaning of this greeting.
30 So the angel said to her, “Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God!
31 Listen: You will become pregnant and give birth to a son, and you will name him Jesus.
32 He will be great, and will be called the Son of the Most High, and the Lord God will give him the throne of his father David.
33 He will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and his kingdom will never end.”
34 Mary said to the angel, “How will this be, since I have not been intimate with a man?”
35 The angel replied, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. Therefore the child to be born will be holy; he will be called the Son of God.
36 “And look, your relative Elizabeth has also become pregnant with a son in her old age – although she was called barren, she is now in her sixth month!
37 For nothing will be impossible with God.”
38 So Mary said, “Yes, I am a servant of the Lord; let this happen to me according to your word.” Then the angel departed from her.
Mary and Elizabeth
39 In those days Mary got up and went hurriedly into the hill country, to a town of Judah,
40 and entered Zechariah’s house and greeted Elizabeth.
41 When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greeting, the baby leaped in her womb, and Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit.
42 She exclaimed with a loud voice, “Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the child in your womb!
43 And who am I that the mother of my Lord should come and visit me?
44 For the instant the sound of your greeting reached my ears, the baby in my womb leaped for joy.
45 And blessed is she who believed that what was spoken to her by the Lord would be fulfilled.”
Mary’s Hymn of Praise
46 And Mary said, “My soul exalts the Lord,
47 and my spirit has begun to rejoice in God my Savior,
48 because he has looked upon the humble state of his servant. For from now on all generations will call me blessed,
49 because he who is mighty has done great things for me, and holy is his name;
50 from generation to generation he is merciful to those who fear him.
51 He has demonstrated power with his arm; he has scattered those whose pride wells up from the sheer arrogance of their hearts.
52 He has brought down the mighty from their thrones, and has lifted up those of lowly position;
53 he has filled the hungry with good things, and has sent the rich away empty.
54 He has helped his servant Israel, remembering his mercy,
55 as he promised to our ancestors, to Abraham and to his descendants forever.”
56 So Mary stayed with Elizabeth about three months and then returned to her home.
The Birth of John
57 Now the time came for Elizabeth to have her baby, and she gave birth to a son.
58 Her neighbors and relatives heard that the Lord had shown great mercy to her, and they rejoiced with her.
59 On the eighth day they came to circumcise the child, and they wanted to name him Zechariah after his father.
60 But his mother replied, “No! He must be named John.”
61 They said to her, “But none of your relatives bears this name.”
62 So they made signs to the baby’s father, inquiring what he wanted to name his son.
63 He asked for a writing tablet and wrote, “His name is John.” And they were all amazed.
64 Immediately Zechariah’s mouth was opened and his tongue released, and he spoke, blessing God.
65 All their neighbors were filled with fear, and throughout the entire hill country of Judea all these things were talked about.
66 All who heard these things kept them in their hearts, saying, “What then will this child be?” For the Lord’s hand was indeed with him.
Zechariah’s Praise and Prediction
67 Then his father Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit and prophesied,
68 “Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, because he has come to help and has redeemed his people.
69 For he has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David,
70 as he spoke through the mouth of his holy prophets from long ago,
71 that we should be saved from our enemies, and from the hand of all who hate us.
72 He has done this to show mercy to our ancestors, and to remember his holy covenant –
73 the oath that he swore to our ancestor Abraham. This oath grants
74 that we, being rescued from the hand of our enemies, may serve him without fear,
75 in holiness and righteousness before him for as long as we live.
76 And you, child, will be called the prophet of the Most High. For you will go before the Lord to prepare his ways,
77 to give his people knowledge of salvation through the forgiveness of their sins.
78 Because of our God’s tender mercy the dawn will break upon us from on high
79 to give light to those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace.”
80 And the child kept growing and becoming strong in spirit, and he was in the wilderness until the day he was revealed to Israel.
2 like the accounts passed on to us by those who were eyewitnesses and servants of the word from the beginning.
3 So it seemed good to me as well, because I have followed all things carefully from the beginning, to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus,
4 so that you may know for certain the things you were taught.
Birth Announcement of John the Baptist
5 During the reign of Herod king of Judea, there lived a priest named Zechariah who belonged to the priestly division of Abijah, and he had a wife named Elizabeth, who was a descendant of Aaron.
6 They were both righteous in the sight of God, following all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blamelessly.
7 But they did not have a child, because Elizabeth was barren, and they were both very old.
8 Now while Zechariah was serving as priest before God when his division was on duty,
9 he was chosen by lot, according to the custom of the priesthood, to enter the holy place of the Lord and burn incense.
10 Now the whole crowd of people were praying outside at the hour of the incense offering.
11 An angel of the Lord, standing on the right side of the altar of incense, appeared to him.
12 And Zechariah, visibly shaken when he saw the angel, was seized with fear.
13 But the angel said to him, “Do not be afraid, Zechariah, for your prayer has been heard, and your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son; you will name him John.
14 Joy and gladness will come to you, and many will rejoice at his birth,
15 for he will be great in the sight of the Lord. He must never drink wine or strong drink, and he will be filled with the Holy Spirit, even before his birth.
16 He will turn many of the people of Israel to the Lord their God.
17 And he will go as forerunner before the Lord in the spirit and power of Elijah, to turn the hearts of the fathers back to their children and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just, to make ready for the Lord a people prepared for him.”
18 Zechariah said to the angel, “How can I be sure of this? For I am an old man, and my wife is old as well.”
19 The angel answered him, “I am Gabriel, who stands in the presence of God, and I was sent to speak to you and to bring you this good news.
20 And now, because you did not believe my words, which will be fulfilled in their time, you will be silent, unable to speak, until the day these things take place.”
21 Now the people were waiting for Zechariah, and they began to wonder why he was delayed in the holy place.
22 When he came out, he was not able to speak to them. They realized that he had seen a vision in the holy place, because he was making signs to them and remained unable to speak.
23 When his time of service was over, he went to his home.
24 After some time his wife Elizabeth became pregnant, and for five months she kept herself in seclusion. She said,
25 “This is what the Lord has done for me at the time when he has been gracious to me, to take away my disgrace among people.”
Birth Announcement of Jesus the Messiah
26 In the sixth month of Elizabeth’s pregnancy, the angel Gabriel was sent by God to a town of Galilee called Nazareth,
27 to a virgin engaged to a man whose name was Joseph, a descendant of David, and the virgin’s name was Mary.
28 The angel came to her and said, “Greetings, favored one, the Lord is with you!”
29 But she was greatly troubled by his words and began to wonder about the meaning of this greeting.
30 So the angel said to her, “Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God!
31 Listen: You will become pregnant and give birth to a son, and you will name him Jesus.
32 He will be great, and will be called the Son of the Most High, and the Lord God will give him the throne of his father David.
33 He will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and his kingdom will never end.”
34 Mary said to the angel, “How will this be, since I have not been intimate with a man?”
35 The angel replied, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. Therefore the child to be born will be holy; he will be called the Son of God.
36 “And look, your relative Elizabeth has also become pregnant with a son in her old age – although she was called barren, she is now in her sixth month!
37 For nothing will be impossible with God.”
38 So Mary said, “Yes, I am a servant of the Lord; let this happen to me according to your word.” Then the angel departed from her.
Mary and Elizabeth
39 In those days Mary got up and went hurriedly into the hill country, to a town of Judah,
40 and entered Zechariah’s house and greeted Elizabeth.
41 When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greeting, the baby leaped in her womb, and Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit.
42 She exclaimed with a loud voice, “Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the child in your womb!
43 And who am I that the mother of my Lord should come and visit me?
44 For the instant the sound of your greeting reached my ears, the baby in my womb leaped for joy.
45 And blessed is she who believed that what was spoken to her by the Lord would be fulfilled.”
Mary’s Hymn of Praise
46 And Mary said, “My soul exalts the Lord,
47 and my spirit has begun to rejoice in God my Savior,
48 because he has looked upon the humble state of his servant. For from now on all generations will call me blessed,
49 because he who is mighty has done great things for me, and holy is his name;
50 from generation to generation he is merciful to those who fear him.
51 He has demonstrated power with his arm; he has scattered those whose pride wells up from the sheer arrogance of their hearts.
52 He has brought down the mighty from their thrones, and has lifted up those of lowly position;
53 he has filled the hungry with good things, and has sent the rich away empty.
54 He has helped his servant Israel, remembering his mercy,
55 as he promised to our ancestors, to Abraham and to his descendants forever.”
56 So Mary stayed with Elizabeth about three months and then returned to her home.
The Birth of John
57 Now the time came for Elizabeth to have her baby, and she gave birth to a son.
58 Her neighbors and relatives heard that the Lord had shown great mercy to her, and they rejoiced with her.
59 On the eighth day they came to circumcise the child, and they wanted to name him Zechariah after his father.
60 But his mother replied, “No! He must be named John.”
61 They said to her, “But none of your relatives bears this name.”
62 So they made signs to the baby’s father, inquiring what he wanted to name his son.
63 He asked for a writing tablet and wrote, “His name is John.” And they were all amazed.
64 Immediately Zechariah’s mouth was opened and his tongue released, and he spoke, blessing God.
65 All their neighbors were filled with fear, and throughout the entire hill country of Judea all these things were talked about.
66 All who heard these things kept them in their hearts, saying, “What then will this child be?” For the Lord’s hand was indeed with him.
Zechariah’s Praise and Prediction
67 Then his father Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit and prophesied,
68 “Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, because he has come to help and has redeemed his people.
69 For he has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David,
70 as he spoke through the mouth of his holy prophets from long ago,
71 that we should be saved from our enemies, and from the hand of all who hate us.
72 He has done this to show mercy to our ancestors, and to remember his holy covenant –
73 the oath that he swore to our ancestor Abraham. This oath grants
74 that we, being rescued from the hand of our enemies, may serve him without fear,
75 in holiness and righteousness before him for as long as we live.
76 And you, child, will be called the prophet of the Most High. For you will go before the Lord to prepare his ways,
77 to give his people knowledge of salvation through the forgiveness of their sins.
78 Because of our God’s tender mercy the dawn will break upon us from on high
79 to give light to those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace.”
80 And the child kept growing and becoming strong in spirit, and he was in the wilderness until the day he was revealed to Israel.
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