The End Time Bible Commentary

Heaven's Rejoicing Continues (v1-5)
Revelation 18 ended with heaven's reaction to the fall and judgment of Mystery Babylon, the Great Prostitute. This rejoicing continues into chapter 19.

Verses 1 to 2 say, "After these things I heard what sounded like the loud voice of a vast throng in heaven, saying, “Hallelujah! Salvation and glory and power belong to our God, because his judgments are true and just. For he has judged the great prostitute who corrupted the earth with her sexual immorality, and has avenged the blood of his servants poured out by her own hands!”"

This vast throng surely includes the enormous crowd that John saw in Revelation 7:9-17, those from every nation, tribe, people, and language who had been raptured out of the Great Tribulation after Christ's coming in glory at the sixth seal (Revelation 6:14-17). By the time in view here in chapter 19, Christ's harvest of Revelation 14:14-16 has also taken place. This is possibly a second rapture of people who were left behind in the first rapture but were later converted through the angelic proclamation of the Gospel in Revelation 14:6-7. And so we can assume they are also now part of this vast throng in heaven. In verse 4 we see that it includes the twenty four elders before God's throne, and the four living creatures who are God's Cherubim throne-bearers. It likely also includes multitudes of other angels. So it is a truly vast throng. Notably, there is no mention of the 144,000 who it is reasonable to assume are still on earth at this stage, ready to partake in Christ's end-time battles.

The focus of their rejoicing is the salvation, glory and power of God, and that his judgment of Mystery Babylon is true and just, for 'she has corrupted the earth with her sexual immorality'. As I explained in my commentary on Revelation 17, the bible uses sexual immorality, adultery and prostitution as metaphors for the worship of a false god. So this accusation is speaking about Saudi Arabia's worship of Allah, the false god of Islam, and her proselytising of the world with the corrupting message of Islam. The fall of Saudi Arabia and Mecca implies also the fall of Islam. As the Mother of Prostitutes (Revelation 17:5), Mystery Babylon and Islam represent the 'Big Mamma of false religions', and its fall signifies the defeat of every argument and pretension that sets itself up against the knowledge of God (2 Corinthians 10:5). It also implies the imminent fall of the Antichrist, which comes later in this chapter. 2 Thessalonians 2:9-10 says of him, "The arrival of the lawless one will be by Satan’s working with all kinds of miracles and signs and false wonders, and with every kind of evil deception directed against those who are perishing, because they found no place in their hearts for the truth so as to be saved". For the last 1,400 years, Islam has been Satan's most powerful and successful deception with which he has closed the doors of salvation in people's faces. With Islam out the way, it is time for heaven to rejoice in the salvation, glory and power of God. God's justice is also satisfied in that God's judgment of Saudi Arabia avenges the blood of his servants. The phrase 'by her own hands' at the end of verse 2 implies Saudi Arabia's personal accountability for all who are martyred in the name of Allah and Islam. Similarly, when an evil dictator is brought to justice, he is not just held accountable for his own actions, but for all the atrocities carried out by his cronies under him.

Verse 3 says, "Then a second time the crowd shouted, “Hallelujah!” The smoke rises from her forever and ever". Here the focus of their rejoicing is Babylon's fall, pure and simple. Revelation 18:2 points to the fall of Mystery Babylon as a fulfilment of Isaiah 34:11 and therefore of Isaiah 34's prophecy against Edom as a whole. The statement, 'The smoke from her rises forever and ever' alludes to Isaiah 34:10. Verses 9 to 10 of that prophecy say, "Edom’s streams will be turned into pitch and her soil into brimstone; her land will become burning pitch. Night and day it will burn; its smoke will ascend continually. Generation after generation it will be a wasteland and no one will ever pass through it again". Given that Edom described a region that extended well into what is modern-day Saudi Arabia, this is surely a reference to burning oil fields. The streams are not water but oil which is set alight. Admittedly, Edom historically extended down the western side of what is now Saudi Arabia, whereas most of Saudi's oilfields are located in her eastern province. The implication is that in an end-time context, Edom is virtually synonymous with Saudi Arabia as a whole, and therefore the prophecy against Edom in Isaiah 34 is applicable to her as a whole.

Verse 4 says, "The twenty-four elders and the four living creatures threw themselves to the ground and worshiped God, who was seated on the throne, saying: “Amen! Hallelujah!” These are the twenty four elders who John first saw in Revelation 4:4, who sit on twenty four thrones surrounding God's throne. The four living creatures are the cherubim who support and carry God's throne (Revelation 4:6-9, Ezekiel 1 & 10).

Verse 5 says, "Then a voice came from the throne, saying: “Praise our God all you his servants, and all you who fear him, both the small and the great!”" This appears to be Jesus speaking, calling everyone to worship the Father. At the sixth seal in Revelation 6:16, people cry out, "Fall on us and hide us from the face of the one who is seated on the throne and from the wrath of the Lamb". God the Father appears to the the only one who is seated upon his heavenly throne, and we can assume that Jesus is seated at his right hand. Psalm 110:1-3 which says, "Sit down at my right hand until I make your enemies your footstool! The LORD extends your dominion from Zion. Rule in the midst of your enemies! Your people willingly follow you when you go into battle. On the holy hills at sunrise the dew of your youth belongs to you" (Also see Hebrews 8:1). The bible portrays God the Father as being seated upon a heavenly throne born by the four living creatures (cherubim), and in Old Testament times the two gold cherubim on top of the Ark of the Covenant were considered to be the footstool of his earthly throne (1 Chronicles 28:2). But Jesus is destined to sit upon a throne such that his enemies, figuratively speaking, become his footstool. Jesus must claim his earthly throne by beginning to rule in the midst of his enemies, and must extend his dominion from Zion by crushing his enemies in battle, accompanied by his people as willing followers.

Announcement of the Wedding (v6-10)
Verse 6 says, "Then I heard what sounded like the voice of a vast throng, like the roar of many waters and like loud crashes of thunder".

The description 'like the roar of many waters' points to the voice of Jesus, as in Revelation 1:15, "His feet were like polished bronze refined in a furnace, and his voice was like the roar of many waters". The sound of a vast throng and the loud crashes of thunder point to Daniel 10:6, "…His voice thundered forth like the sound of a large crowd". In both these cases, it is the sound of Jesus speaking in his guise as the Angel of the Lord. The NET bible translation makes it appear that this vast throng is the same as in verse 1, but considering Revelation 1:15 and Daniel 10:6 together, it may just be the sound of Jesus' voice here. This is more apparent from the King James translation of verse 6, "And I heard as it were the voice of a great multitude, and as the voice of many waters, and as the voice of mighty thunderings, saying, Alleluia: for the Lord God omnipotent reigneth". So what follows may be Jesus himself expressing his excitement about his coming wedding celebration. If so, he refers to himself in the third person:

In verses 6b to 7 he says, "Hallelujah! For the Lord our God, the All-Powerful, reigns! Let us rejoice and exult and give him glory, because the wedding celebration of the Lamb has come, and his bride has made herself ready".

The expression 'Lord our God' might be seen to contradict that it is Jesus speaking here. However, the NET Bible notes point out that some manuscripts omit 'our', and that the expression “the Lord God, the All-Powerful” occurs in 6 other places in Revelation (1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22) but the pronoun “our” is never used. In saying, 'Let us rejoice' he may simply be using the 'divine we' as in Genesis 1:26, "Let us make humankind in our image".

Given many of Jesus' parables, especially those in Matthew 13, that present the Church as a 'mixed bag' that will need sorting out at the end of the age, this statement begs the question, 'How has his bride made herself ready?' This is answered in verse 8 which says, "She was permitted to be dressed in bright, clean, fine linen” (for the fine linen is the righteous deeds of the saints)". Whether or not this is still Jesus speaking is not clear, but it sounds more like it might be narration by the angel who speaks in verse 9. The clean fine linen implies that they have been redeemed and clothed in Christ's righteousness (Isaiah 61:10, Zechariah 3:4, Galatians 3:27, Revelation 3:4, 6:11, 7:14). It is like in Zechariah 3:4 where an angel says concerning Joshua the High Priest, "Remove his filthy clothes….I have freely forgiven your iniquity and will dress you in fine clothing.” By the time in view here in Revelation 19, the Church has been raptured and the wicked separated from the righteous (Matthew 13:49).

Invitations to the Wedding (v9-10)
Verse 9 says, "Then the angel said to me, “Write the following: Blessed are those who are invited to the banquet at the wedding celebration of the Lamb!” He also said to me, “These are the true words of God.”

This great banquet at the end of the age is the one originally prophesied by Isaiah in Isaiah 25:6-9. Jesus portrayed it as a wedding banquet in his Parable of the Wedding Banquet (Matthew 22:1-14). He also told several other parables around a similar theme. Examples include the Parable of the Ten Virgins (Matthew 25:1-13), the Parable of the Banqueting Table and its Host (Luke 14:7-14), the Parable of the Great Banquet (Luke 14:15-24), and the Parable of the Father's House (John 14:1-7).

Although announcement is made of the coming wedding celebration in verses 6 to 10, before the description of the Battle of Armageddon in verses 11-21, the wedding celebration takes place after Armageddon. This is clarified by verse 9 which portrays the invitations going out at this stage, but there still being some time before the wedding actually takes place. Jesus' parable of the wedding banquet also portrays invitations going out some time before the wedding. Also, in the portrayal of these events in Psalm 45, the Mighty One (Jesus) straps his sword upon his thigh, rides victoriously out to battle until the nations fall at his feet, and only then returns to claim his bride. Deuteronomy 24:5 also says, "When a man is newly married, he need not go into the army nor be obligated in any way; he must be free to stay at home for a full year and bring joy to the wife he has married." Consequently, it would not be appropriate for the wedding celebration to take place first, and for Jesus to then go off to war.

The words, “These are the true words of God" in verse 9b emphasise what a great blessing and privilege it is to be invited. In Luke 13:28-30, after speaking about the narrow door of salvation Jesus warned the Jewish leaders, "There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth when you see Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and all the prophets in the kingdom of God but you yourselves thrown out. Then people will come from east and west, and from north and south, and take their places at the banquet table in the kingdom of God. But indeed, some are last who will be first, and some are first who will be last.”

John's reaction (v10)
Verse 10 says, "So I threw myself down at his feet to worship him, but he said, “Do not do this! I am only a fellow servant with you and your brothers and sisters who hold to the testimony about Jesus. Worship God, for the testimony about Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.”

John's reaction seems to be in response to the angel's statement about the wedding invitations. The thought that John would be among those invited makes him throw himself down at the angel's feet. It is as though sheer joy overwhelms him and he loses his brain for a moment. The angel is quick to correct him, and declares himself to a fellow servant just like John and other Christians who hold to the testimony of Jesus.

The phrase 'who hold to the testimony of Jesus' is an interesting description of a Christian. The 'testimony of Jesus' is both Jesus' teaching and his example. John must worship God alone, just as Jesus did.

The statement 'for the testimony about Jesus is the spirit of prophecy' is also interesting, not just in relation to end times. It implies that giving testimony about Jesus is a prophetic act. This principle is especially important for anyone seeking to walk in Christ's healing ministry, for example. Whenever someone is healed, there is great value in them giving testimony about what Jesus has done for them. Doing so releases God's power for it to happen again, and for others to experience what they have experienced. That is because testimony releases faith, and faith in turn releases the power of God. All too often, Churches make the mistake of praying for individuals behind closed doors, and fail to encourage or give opportunity for public testimony of what God has done. Consequently, the flame is extinguished when it could have lit a bigger fire.

The Battle of Armageddon (v11-21)
This passage depicts the battle of Armageddon, so-called because Revelation 16:16 says, "Now the spirits gathered the kings and their armies to the place that is called Armageddon in Hebrew". 'Armageddon' means 'Mount of Megiddo' and is the gathering point for Antichrist's forces. It is likely that Antichrist occupies the high ground (the Mount) but that the battle takes place in the surrounding area. The Prophet Joel calls the location of this battle 'the Valley of Jehoshaphat' and the 'Valley of decisions' (Joel 3:12-14). 'Jehoshaphat' means 'The Lord Judges'. As the nations of the world are gathered there, it is each individual's last chance to decide whether they will worship Allah and fight for the Antichrist, or worship Jehovah and surrender to Jesus. It seems this battle follows immediately after his liberation of Jerusalem. Describing this battle, Joel 3:16 says, "The Lord roars from Zion; from Jerusalem his voice bellows out…" which suggests the liberation of Jerusalem comes first. Zechariah 14:5-8 portrays this battle as the liberation of Jerusalem, so perhaps they should really be seen as one event. In other words, the battle begins with the liberation of Jerusalem and ends at Armageddon.

Verse 11 begins, "Then I saw heaven opened and here came a white horse! The one riding it was called “Faithful” and “True,” and with justice he judges and goes to war".

The phrase 'then I saw heaven opened' describes the manner in which John saw this open vision. It is unlikely that Jesus will appear out of heaven at this point. And it is certainly a mistake to think that this is his initial second coming appearance upon the clouds. The sixth seal is the time when the sky is first split open (Revelation 6:14), and from that point onwards people on earth are able to look up at the sky and see God seated on his throne, together with Jesus at his right hand (Revelation 6:15-17). Furthermore, Jesus arrives at Armageddon after already battling his enemies in Edom, as becomes clear from his blood-stained clothing in verse 13.

My assumption is that the white horse is literal, just as Jesus rode a literal donkey at his first triumphal entry into Jerusalem. On that occasion, he came in humility. This time round, he comes in majesty, riding a majestic warhorse. When the first seal is opened at the beginning of the Great Tribulation, Antichrist is pictured riding out to conquer on a white horse, apparently as a counterfeit of Jesus in his appearance here at Armageddon.

Jesus is the Prince of Peace who comes to establish his dominion throughout the earth (Isaiah 9:6-7), but he must wage war to win that peace. In Zechariah 9:10 God says about him, "I will remove the chariot from Ephraim and the warhorse from Jerusalem, and the battle bow will be removed. Then he will announce peace to the nations. His dominion will be from sea to sea and from the Euphrates River to the ends of the earth". Just as his judgment of the Great Prostitute is just (v2), so also is his defeat and judgment of Antichrist's empire at this final battle. So he wages war with justice, and in doing so he is faithful and true to God's many promises in scripture.

Verse 12 says, "His eyes are like a fiery flame and there are many diadem crowns on his head. He has a name written that no one knows except himself".

'His eyes like a fiery flame' remind us of Jesus' appearance as the Angel of the Lord to John in Revelation 1:14. and to Daniel in Daniel 10:6.

In Revelation 12:3, Satan is pictured as a seven-headed dragon with seven crowns upon his heads. In Revelation 13:1, the beast out of the sea, representing the Antichrist and his empire, is pictured having ten crowns. Jesus appears with many crowns. Crowns speak of ruling authority. Whatever Satan and the Antichrist think they might have, Jesus ultimately has all authority in heaven and on earth (Matthew 28:18), represented by many crowns.

What is this name that only Jesus knows? Similarly in his message to the Church in Pergamum, Jesus said, "To the one who conquers… I will give him a white stone, and on that stone will be written a new name that no one can understand except the one who receives it". Clearly these are mysteries that we will not know until that day. But it is clear from Philippians 2:9-11 that everyone must confess Jesus as Jehovah, 'the name that is above every name'.

Verse 13 says, "He is dressed in clothing dipped in blood, and he is called the Word of God".

There should be no mistaking who this is. Given John 1:1-3, calling him 'the Word of God' identifies this as Jesus, the God of all creation.

Jesus enters the battle in clothes dipped in blood. This portrayal points us to Isaiah 63:1-6, in which Jesus is portrayed stomping the winepress in Edom, with his royal robes getting splattered with blood. So he enters Armageddon wearing the same clothing that is still splattered with the blood of his enemies whom he slaughtered in his Edom campaign. If it is correct that he has already liberated Jerusalem by this point, then he is likely also covered in blood from that battle as well. Jesus fights battle after battle, each time stomping the winepress and slaughtering his enemies. This is why verse 11 emphasises the point that it is with justice that he makes war. This is not mindless slaughter for the sake of it, but to satisfy God's justice and to establish peace.

Verse 14 says, "The armies that are in heaven, dressed in white, clean, fine linen, were following him on white horses".

Various prophecies portray Jesus mustering this great army. It appears to include resurrected and raptured believers (Psalm 50:4, Isaiah 13:3-5, 33:4, Joel 2:1-11, 3:11, Revelation 19:14), those identified as 'godly' or as God's chosen people (Psalm 110:3, Psalm 118:10-27, Revelation 17:14), redeemed exiles from Judah and Israel (Psalm 149:5-9, Isaiah 11:10-14, Ezekiel 25:14, Zechariah 9:13, 10:6-9, 12:6), Jews liberated by Jesus from their safe-place in Bozrah (Micah 2:12-13), and Jews liberated from Jerusalem (Micah 4:13, Zechariah 12:5, 8). The white clean fine linen portrays their Christ-given righteousness, but also contrasts them with Christ's blood-splattered clothing. This is their first battle, or they too would have blood-splattered clothing. It is clear from Isaiah 63:5 that Jesus fights alone during his Edom campaign. It is also possible that his army includes angels. In his parables in Matthew 13, Jesus spoke about the role of angels in separating the wicked from the righteous in his kingdom. And in Matthew 16:27 he says, "For the Son of Man will come with his angels in the glory of his Father, and then he will reward each person according to what he has done". So angels come with Jesus and are involved in dealing out judgments and rewards. And they will be involved behind the scenes in spiritual warfare surrounding end-time events (.e.g. Zechariah's vision of four horses, and of four chariots in chapters 1 and 6). But it is not clear whether angels also fight and kill people in the physical earthly realm of Jesus' end-time battles.

Verse 15 says, "From his mouth extends a sharp sword, so that with it he can strike the nations. He will rule them with an iron rod, and he stomps the winepress of the furious wrath of God, the All-Powerful". The bible portrays Jesus fighting his end time battles using a variety of weapons, including:

A sword - Psalm 45:3, Isaiah 31:8, 34:5-6, 49:2, 66:16, Ezekiel 38:21

His voice - Psalm 29, Isaiah 11:5, 30:27-32, 33:3, Joel 2:11, Amos 1:2, Nahum 1:4

Fire - Psalm 29:7, 50:3, 97:3, Isaiah 29:6, 30:27-32, 33:11-12, 66:15

Storm - Psalm 50:3, Nahum 1:3, Habakkuk 3:10

A bow and arrows - Habakkuk 3:9, Zechariah 9:13

Plague - Habakkuk 3:5

Clearly some of these depictions are intended metaphorically. What the literal reality will look like remains to be seen. Isaiah 30:30-32 presents Jesus' end time battles like a great Hollywood movie, with dramatic musical accompaniment of tambourine and harp.

The phrase 'He will rule them with an iron rod' is an reference to Psalm 2:9, pointing to the battle of Armageddon as a fulfilment of Psalm 2 as a whole. Psalm 2 depicts a reaction of worldwide rage after Messiah is installed as king. Messiah uses his iron sceptre to smash this rebellion like a potter's jar, and the kings of the earth are warned to submit and pay him homage or be killed.

The statement, "and he stomps the winepress of the furious wrath of God" is another reference to Isaiah 63:1-6, and also to Jeremiah 25:30, Habakkuk 3:12, Joel 3:9-16 and Revelation 14:19. Many scriptures depict end-time events as a great harvest in which the righteous are separated from the wicked, and the wicked then destroyed. The winepress is one of several metaphors used to depict this destruction of the wicked. Jesus first stomps the winepress in his Edom campaign (Isaiah 63:1-6), and then again at Armageddon (Joel 3:9-16, Revelation 19:11-21).

Verse 16 says, "He has a name written on his clothing and on his thigh: “King of kings and Lord of lords.” In Matthew 28:18, Jesus said, "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me". Ephesians 1:20-21 describes how God 'raised him from the dead and seated him at his right hand in the heavenly realms far above every rule and authority and power and dominion and every name that is named, not only in this age but also in the one to come". Jesus is already King of kings and Lord of lords, (Revelation 1:5) but not visibly so. From the seventh trumpet onwards (Revelation 11:15) he begins to rule visibly and literally. Here at Armageddon his true status is most fully revealed.

Verses 17 to 18 say, "Then I saw one angel standing in the sun, and he shouted in a loud voice to all the birds flying high in the sky: “Come, gather around for the great banquet of God, to eat your fill of the flesh of kings, the flesh of generals, the flesh of powerful people, the flesh of horses and those who ride them, and the flesh of all people, both free and slave, and small and great!”

This is not the great wedding banquet mentioned in verse 9, to which the righteous are invited. Instead, this is the banquet to which the birds of prey and vultures are invited. It is an invitation to the battlefield, for the birds to feast on the corpses of the slain. The battle is just about to begin at this point, but the invitations have gone out, and anticipate the outcome as a huge massacre. Jesus spoke about it in Matthew 24:27-28 when he said, "For just like the lightning comes from the east and flashes to the west, so the coming of the Son of Man will be. Wherever the corpse is, there the vultures will gather". In other words, the number of slain will be so huge that the vultures will be visible from east to west like the lightning. This picture comes originally from Ezekiel 32:4. Listing the slain according to their importance and rank implies it will make no difference whether you are a king or a slave. If you fight for Antichrist and Allah, you are on the wrong side and will meet disaster.


Verse 19 says, "Then I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies assembled to do battle with the one who rode the horse and with his army".

This is a clash of two huge armies. The kings of the earth are pictured siding with the beast (the Antichrist). In my commentary on verse 14 above, I have already considered the composition of Christ's army. But do all the kings of the earth side with the Antichrist? Micah 5:5 says, "When the Assyrian invades our land and marches through our fortresses, we will raise against him seven shepherds, even eight leaders of men" (NIV). This describes the invasion of Israel by the Antichrist (referred to here as the Assyrian) at the beginning of the Great Tribulation. The seven shepherds represent national rulers who rise up against him in defence of Israel. However, by the time the battle of Armageddon takes place at the end of the Great Tribulation, the rapture has taken place. So it is likely those seven shepherds and the righteous people under them are now part of Christ's army as raptured believers. It seems that those who remain on earth after the rapture mostly side with the Antichrist. I still say 'mostly' rather than 'all' because it is clear from various scriptures that there are survivors on earth after the battle of Armageddon, who then populate the earth during the Millennium.

Verse 20 says, "Now the beast was seized, and along with him the false prophet who had performed the signs on his behalf – signs by which he deceived those who had received the mark of the beast and those who worshiped his image. Both of them were thrown alive into the lake of fire burning with sulfur".

The beast in this case seems to be the Antichrist as an individual, and not his empire as a whole with all his followers. These two individuals are thrown into the lake of fire, which is eternal hell. Concerning the false prophet, please see my commentary on Revelation 13:11-18 where he is revealed as the beast out of the earth. Concerning the 'mark of the beast', please see my commentary on Revelation 13:16-18.

Here in Revelation we see justice served upon the Antichrist and the False Prophet. In Daniel 7:10-11, a court scene is envisioned before God's throne, "… The court convened and the books were opened. Then I kept on watching because of the arrogant words of the horn that was speaking. I was watching until the beast was killed and its body destroyed and thrown into the flaming fire". Isaiah 30:33 also portrays Antichrist ending up in a burial place of fire and brimstone.


Verse 21 says, "The others were killed by the sword that extended from the mouth of the one who rode the horse, and all the birds gorged themselves with their flesh".

'The others' refers to those who had received the mark of the beast and worshipped his image. These are killed by Jesus and the birds gorge themselves on their corpses. The implication is that their souls descend into hell as it exists in this present age. This is how the slain are portrayed in Ezekiel 32 and in Isaiah 24:22. The present hell is called Sheol or the Pit in the Old Testament, and Hades or the Abyss in the New Testament. Then at the end of the Millennium, the Great White Throne judgment takes place and death and Hades are thrown into the lake of fire. The Millennium is a transitional age. Earth and Hades continue to exist, even though the lake of fire has been revealed and the Antichrist thrown into it. If the lake of fire exists already at the start of the Millennium, even though it is not fully revealed until the end of the Millennium, it is reasonable to assume that the New Jerusalem also exists at the beginning of the Millennium. The lake of fire appears to exist outside of the New Jerusalem (Revelation 22:15).

Here in Revelation, the emphasis is on Antichrist's armies being killed by Christ's sword. However, Zechariah 14:12-15 gives additional details about their fate, and how the battle is won. It says, "But this will be the nature of the plague with which the Lord will strike all the nations that have fought against Jerusalem: Their flesh will decay while they stand on their feet, their eyes will rot away in their sockets, and their tongues will dissolve in their mouths. On that day there will be great confusion from the Lord among them; they will seize each other and attack one another violently. Moreover, Judah will fight at Jerusalem, and the wealth of all the surrounding nations will be gathered up – gold, silver, and clothing in great abundance. This is the kind of plague that will devastate horses, mules, camels, donkeys, and all the other animals in those camps".

Revelation also doesn't mention survivors. However, Zechariah 14:16 says, "Then all who survive from all the nations that came to attack Jerusalem will go up annually to worship the King, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, and to observe the Feast of Shelters". Whether the survivors include enemy combatants is not clear. It may be that they are civilians from the nations that send armies to fight for Antichrist.